Chapter 2 Installing and Upgrading MySQL

MySQL is available on many operating systems and platforms. For information about platforms supported by GA releases of MySQL, see http://www.mysql.com/support/supportedplatforms/database.html. For development versions of MySQL, builds are available for a number of platforms at http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html. To learn more about MySQL Support, see http://www.mysql.com/support/.

When preparing to install MySQL, you should decide which version to use, and which distribution format (binary or source) to use for the installation.

First, decide if you want to install a development release or a GA release. Development releases have the newest features, but are not recommended for production use. GA (General Availability) releases, also called production or stable releases, are meant for production use. We recommend to use the most recent GA release.

The naming scheme in MySQL 5.7 uses release names that consist of three numbers and a suffix; for example, mysql-5.6.1-m1. The numbers within the release name are interpreted as follows:

For each minor update, the last number in the version string is incremented. When there are major new features or minor incompatibilities with previous versions, the second number in the version string is incremented. When the file format changes, the first number is increased.

Release names can also include a suffix that indicates the stability level of the release. Releases within a series progress through a set of suffixes to indicate how the stability level improves. The possible suffixes are:

Once you've chosen which MySQL version to install, you need to decide which distribution to install for your operating system. For most use cases, a binary distribution is the right choice. Binary distributions are available in native format for many platforms, such as RPM packages for Linux, or DMG packages for OS X. Distributions are also available in more generic formats such as Zip archives or compressed tar files. On Windows, you can use the MySQL Installer to install a binary distribution.

Under some circumstances, you may be better off installing MySQL from a source distribution:

Check our downloads page at http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/ for information about the current version of MySQL and for downloading instructions. For a complete up-to-date list of MySQL download mirror sites, see http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mirrors.html. You can also find information there about becoming a MySQL mirror site and how to report a bad or out-of-date mirror.

For RPM-based Linux platforms that use Yum as their package management system, MySQL can be installed using the MySQL Yum Repository. See Section 2.5.1, “Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL Yum Repository” for details.

For a number of Debian-based Linux platforms, such as Ubuntu, MySQL can be installed using the MySQL APT Repository. See Section 2.5.3, “Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL APT Repository” for details.

For SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) platforms, MySQL can be installed using the MySQL SLES Repository. See Section 2.5.4, “Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL SLES Repository” for details.

To obtain the latest development source, see Section 2.8.3, “Installing MySQL Using a Development Source Tree”.

After you have downloaded the MySQL package that suits your needs and before you attempt to install it, you should make sure that it is intact and has not been tampered with. There are three means of integrity checking:

The following sections describe how to use these methods.

If you notice that the MD5 checksum or GPG signatures do not match, first try to download the respective package one more time, perhaps from another mirror site.

shell> md5sum mysql-standard-5.7.8-linux-i686.tar.gz
aaab65abbec64d5e907dcd41b8699945  mysql-standard-5.7.8-linux-i686.tar.gz

shell> md5.exe mysql-installer-community-5.7.8.msi
aaab65abbec64d5e907dcd41b8699945  mysql-installer-community-5.7.8.msi

-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.9 (SunOS)

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-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

shell> gpg --import mysql_pubkey.asc
gpg: key 5072E1F5: public key "MySQL Release Engineering
<mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found

shell> gpg --recv-keys 5072E1F5
gpg: requesting key 5072E1F5 from hkp server keys.gnupg.net
gpg: key 5072E1F5: "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
1 new user ID
gpg: key 5072E1F5: "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
53 new signatures
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:           new user IDs: 1
gpg:         new signatures: 53

shell> rpm --import mysql_pubkey.asc

shell> gpg --verify package_name.asc

shell> gpg --verify mysql-standard-5.7.8-linux-i686.tar.gz.asc
gpg: Signature made Tue 01 Feb 2011 02:38:30 AM CST using DSA key ID 5072E1F5
gpg: Good signature from "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"

shell> gpg --verify mysql-standard-5.7.8-linux-i686.tar.gz.asc
gpg: Signature made Wed 23 Jan 2013 02:25:45 AM PST using DSA key ID 5072E1F5
gpg: checking the trustdb
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Good signature from "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: A4A9 4068 76FC BD3C 4567  70C8 8C71 8D3B 5072 E1F5

2.1.3.3 Signature Checking Using Gpg4win for Windows

The Section 2.1.3.2, “Signature Checking Using GnuPG” section describes how to verify MySQL downloads using GPG. That guide also applies to Microsoft Windows, but another option is to use a GUI tool like Gpg4win. You may use a different tool but our examples are based on Gpg4win, and utilize its bundled Kleopatra GUI.

Download and install Gpg4win, and then load Kleopatra. The dialog should look similar to:

Figure 2.1 Initial screen after loading Kleopatra

Next, add the MySQL Release Engineering certificate. Do this by clicking File, Lookup Certificates on Server. Type "Mysql Release Engineering" into the search box and press Search.

Figure 2.2 Finding the MySQL Release Engineering certificate

Select the "MySQL Release Engineering" certificate. The Fingerprint and Key-ID must be "5072E1F5", or choose Details... to confirm the certificate is valid. Now, import it by clicking Import. An import dialog will be displayed, choose Okay, and this certificate will now be listed under the Imported Certificates tab.

Next, configure the trust level for our certificate. Select our certificate, then from the main menu select Certificates, Change Owner Trust.... We suggest choosing I believe checks are very accurate for our certificate, as otherwise you might not be able to verify our signature. Select I believe checks are very accurate and then press OK.

Figure 2.3 Changing the Trust level

Next, verify the downloaded MySQL package file. This requires files for both the packaged file, and the signature. The signature file must have the same name as the packaged file but with an appended .asc extension, as shown by the example in the following table. The signature is linked to on the downloads page for each MySQL product. You must create the .asc file with this signature.

Table 2.2 MySQL Package and Signature Files for MySQL Installer for Microsoft Windows

File Type	File Name
Distribution file	mysql-installer-community-5.7.8.msi
Signature file	mysql-installer-community-5.7.8.msi.asc

Make sure that both files are stored in the same directory and then run the following command to verify the signature for the distribution file. Either drag and drop the signature (.asc) file into Kleopatra, or load the dialog from File, Decrypt/Verify Files..., and then choose either the .msi or .asc file.

Figure 2.4 The Decrypt/Verify Files dialog

Click Decrypt/Verify to check the file. The two most common results will look like the following, and although the yellow warning looks problematic, the following means that the file check passed with success. You may now run this installer.

Figure 2.5 The Decrypt/Verify Results: Good

Seeing a red "The signature is bad" error means the file is invalid. Do not execute the MSI file if you see this error.

Figure 2.6 The Decrypt/Verify Results: Bad

The Section 2.1.3.2, “Signature Checking Using GnuPG” section explains why you probably don't see a green Good signature result.

shell> rpm --checksig package_name.rpm

shell> rpm --checksig MySQL-server-5.7.8-0.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm
MySQL-server-5.7.8-0.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm: md5 gpg OK

shell> gpg --export -a 5072e1f5 > 5072e1f5.asc
shell> rpm --import 5072e1f5.asc

shell> rpm --import doc/refman/5.7/en/checking-gpg-signature.html

The installation layout differs for different installation types (for example, native packages, binary tarballs, and source tarballs), which can lead to confusion when managing different systems or using different installation sources. The individual layouts are given in the corresponding installation type or platform chapter, as described following. Note that the layout of installations from vendors other than Oracle may differ from these layouts.

In some cases, the compiler used to build MySQL affects the features available for use. The notes in this section apply for binary distributions provided by Oracle Corporation or that you compile yourself from source.

icc (Intel C++ Compiler) Builds

A server built with icc has these characteristics:

For MySQL 5.7 on Windows, the default installation directory is C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7. Some Windows users prefer to install in C:\mysql, the directory that formerly was used as the default. However, the layout of the subdirectories remains the same.

All of the files are located within this parent directory, using the structure shown in the following table.

If you install MySQL using the MySQL Installer, this package creates and sets up the data directory that the installed server will use, and also creates a pristine “template” data directory named data under the installation directory. After an installation has been performed using this package, the template data directory can be copied to set up additional MySQL instances. See Section 5.3, “Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine”.

For MySQL 5.7, there are multiple installation package formats to choose from when installing MySQL on Windows.

MySQL Installer is recommended for most users.

Your choice of install package affects the installation process you must follow. If you choose to use MySQL Installer, see Section 2.3.3, “Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using MySQL Installer”. If you choose to install a Noinstall archive, see Section 2.3.5, “Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using a noinstall Zip Archive”.

MySQL Installer simplifies the installation and updating process for your MySQL products on Microsoft Windows. From this central application, you can view, remove, update, and reconfigure the existing MySQL products on your system. MySQL Installer can also install plugins, documentation, tutorials, and example databases. The MySQL Installer is only available for Microsoft Windows, and includes both GUI and command-line interfaces.

The supported products include:

Installer package types

Installer editions

For notes detailing the changes in each release of MySQL Installer, see MySQL Installer Release Notes.

MySQL Installer is compatible with pre-existing installations, and adds them to its list of installed components. While the standard MySQL Installer is bundled with a specific version of MySQL Server, a single MySQL Installer instance can install and manage multiple MySQL Server versions. For example, a single MySQL Installer instance can install (and update) versions 5.5, 5.6, and 5.7 on the host.

MySQL Installer handles the initial configuration and set up of the applications. For example:

MySQL Installer can optionally check for updated components and download them for you.

2.3.3.1 MySQL Installer GUI

Installing MySQL Installer adds a link to the Start menu under the MySQL group. Click Start, All Programs MySQL, MySQL Installer to reload the MySQL Installer GUI.

Note

Files that are generated by MySQL Installer grant full permissions to the user that executes MySQL Installer, including my.ini. This does not apply to files and directories for specific products such as the MySQL Server data directory in %ProgramData% that is owned by SYSTEM.

The initial execution of MySQL Installer requires you to accept the license agreement before installing MySQL products.

Figure 2.7 MySQL Installer - License Agreement

Installing New Packages

Choose the appropriate Setup Type for your system. The selected type determines which MySQL products are installed on your system, or select Custom to manually choose individual products.

• Developer: Install all products needed to develop applications with MySQL. This is the default option.

• Server only: Only install the MySQL server.

• Client only: Only install the MySQL client products, which does not include the MySQL server.

• Full: Install all MySQL products.

• Custom: Manually select the MySQL products to install.

  Note

  After the initial installation, you may use MySQL Installer to manually select MySQL products to install or remove. In other words, MySQL Installer becomes a MySQL product management system.

Figure 2.8 MySQL Installer - Choosing a Setup Type

After you select a setup type, the MySQL Installer will check your system for the necessary external requirements for each of the selected MySQL products. MySQL Installer will either download and install the missing components onto your system, or point you to the download location and set Status to "Manual".

The next window lists the MySQL products that are scheduled to be installed:

Figure 2.9 MySQL Installer - Installation Progress

As components are installed, their Status changes from a progress percentage to "Complete".

After all components are installed, the next step configures some of the recently installed MySQL products. The Configuration Overview window displays the progress and then loads a configuration window, if required. Our example configures MySQL Server 5.6.x.

Configuring MySQL Server

Configuring the MySQL server begins with defining several Type and Networking options.

Figure 2.10 MySQL Installer - Configuration Overview

Server Configuration Type

Choose the MySQL server configuration type that describes your setup. This setting defines the amount of system resources that will be assigned to your MySQL server instance.

• Developer: A machine that will host many other applications, and typically this is your personal workstation. This option configures MySQL to use the least amount of memory.

• Server: Several other applications will be running on this machine, such as a web server. This option configures MySQL to use a medium amount of memory.

• Dedicated: A machine that is dedicated to running the MySQL server. Because no other major applications are running on the server, such as web servers, this option configures MySQL to use all available memory.

Connectivity

Connectivity options control how you will connect to MySQL. Options include:

• TCP/IP: You may enable TCP/IP Networking here as otherwise only localhost connections are allowed. Also define the Port Number and whether to open the firewall port for network access.

• Named Pipe: Enable and define the pipe name, similar to using the --enable-named-pipe option.

• Shared Memory: Enable and then define the memory name, similar to using the --shared-memory option.

Advanced Configuration

Checking the "Advanced Configuration" option provides additional Logging Options to configure. This includes defining file paths for the error log, general log, slow query log (including the configuration of seconds it requires to execute a query), and the binary log.

Figure 2.11 MySQL Installer - MySQL Server Configuration: Type and Networking

Accounts and Roles

Next, define your MySQL account information. Assigning a root password is required.

Optionally, you can add additional MySQL user accounts with predefined user roles. Each predefined role, such as "DB Admin", are configured with their own set of privileges. For example, the "DB Admin" role has more privileges than the "DB Designer" role. Click the Role dropdown for a list of role descriptions.

Note

If the MySQL Server is already installed, then you must also enter the Current Root Password.

Figure 2.12 MySQL Installer - MySQL Server Configuration: User Accounts and Roles

Figure 2.13 MySQL Installer - MySQL Server Configuration: User Accounts and Roles: Adding a User

Windows Service

Next, configure the Windows Service details. This includes the service name, whether the MySQL Server should be loaded at startup, and how the Windows Service for MySQL Server is executed.

Figure 2.14 MySQL Installer - MySQL Server Configuration: Windows Service

Note

When configuring Run Windows Services as ... using a Custom User, the custom user must have privileges to log on to Microsoft Windows as a service. And the Next button will be disabled until this user is configured with these user rights.

On Microsoft Windows 7, this is configured by loading the Start Menu, Control Panel, Administrative Tools, Local Security Policy, Local Policies, User Rights Assignment, then Log On As A Service. Choose Add User or Group here to add the custom user, and then OK, OK to save.

Advanced Options

The next configuration step is available if the Advanced Configuration option was checked. This section includes options that are related to the MySQL log files:

Figure 2.15 MySQL Installer - MySQL Server Configuration: Logging Options

Click Next to continue on to the final page before all of the requested changes are applied. This Apply Server Configuration page details the configuration steps that will be performed.

Figure 2.16 MySQL Installer - MySQL Server Configuration: Apply Server Configuration

Click Execute to execute the configuration steps. The icon for each step toggles from white to green on success, or the process stops on failure. Click the Log tab to view the log.

After the MySQL Installer configuration process is finished, MySQL Installer reloads the opening page where you can execute other installation and configuration related actions.

MySQL Installer is added to the Microsoft Windows Start menu under the MySQL group. Opening MySQL Installer loads its dashboard where installed MySQL products are listed, and other MySQL Installer actions are available:

Figure 2.17 MySQL Installer - Main Dashboard

Adding MySQL Products

Click Add to add new products. This loads the Select Products and Features page:

Figure 2.18 MySQL Installer - Select Products and Features

From here, choose the MySQL products you want to install from the left Available Products pane, and then click the green right arrow to queue products for installation.

Optionally, click Edit to open the product and features search filter:

Figure 2.19 MySQL Installer - Select Products and Features Filter

For example, you might choose to include Pre-Release products in your selections, such as a Beta product that has not yet reached GA status.

Note

The ability to install Pre-Release versions of MySQL products was added in MySQL Installer 1.4.0.

Select all of the MySQL products you want to install, then click Next to continue, and then Execute to execute the installation process to install all of the selected products.

2.3.3.1.1 MySQL Product Catalog

MySQL Installer stores a MySQL product catalog. The catalog can be updated either manually or automatically, and the catalog change history is also available.

Note

The MySQL product catalog was added in MySQL Installer 1.4.0.

Manual updates

You can update the MySQL product catalog at any time by clicking Catalog on the Installer dashboard.

Figure 2.20 MySQL Installer - Open the MySQL Product Catalog

From there, click Execute to update the product catalog.

Automatic updates

You can configure MySQL Installer to automatically update the MySQL product catalog once per day. To enable this feature and set the update time, click the wrench icon on the Installer dashboard.

The next window configures the Automatic Catalog Update. Enable or disable this feature, and also set the hour.

Figure 2.21 MySQL Installer - Configure the Catalog Scheduler

This option uses the Windows Task Scheduler to schedule a task named "ManifestUpdate".

Change History

MySQL Installer tracks the change history for all of the MySQL products. Click Catalog from the dashboard, optionally update the catalog (or, toggle the Do not update at this time checkbox), click Next/Execute, and then view the change history.

Figure 2.22 MySQL Installer - Catalog Change History

2.3.3.1.2 Remove MySQL Products

MySQL Installer can also remove MySQL products from your system. To remove a MySQL product, click Remove from the Installer dashboard. This opens a window with a list of installed MySQL products. Select the MySQL products you want to remove (uninstall), and then click Execute to begin the removal process.

Note

To select all MySQL products, click the [ ] checkbox to the left of the Product label.

Figure 2.23 MySQL Installer - Removing Products: Select

Figure 2.24 MySQL Installer - Removing Products: Executed

2.3.3.1.3 Alter MySQL Products

Use MySQL Installer to modify, configure, or upgrade your MySQL product installations.

Upgrade

Upgradable MySQL products are listed on the main dashboard with an arrow icon ( ) next to their version number.

Figure 2.25 MySQL Installer - Upgrade a MySQL Product

Note

The "upgrade" functionality requires a current product catalog. This catalog is updated either manually or automatically (daily) by enabling the Automatic Catalog Update feature. For additional information, see Section 2.3.3.1.1, “MySQL Product Catalog”.

Click Upgrade to upgrade the available products. Our example indicates that MySQL Workbench 6.2.4 can be upgraded version 6.3.1 or 6.2.5, and MySQL server from 5.5.41 to 5.5.42.

Figure 2.26 MySQL Installer - Select Products To Upgrade

If multiple upgrade versions are available (such as our MySQL Workbench example above), select the desired version for the upgrade in the Available Upgrades area.

Note

Optionally, click the Changes link to view the version's release notes.

After selecting (checking) the products and versions to upgrade, click Next to begin the upgrade process.

Figure 2.27 MySQL Installer - Apply Updates

A MySQL server upgrade will also check and upgrade the server's database. Although optional, this step is recommended.

Figure 2.28 MySQL Installer - Check and Upgrade Database

Upon completion, your upgraded products will be upgraded and available to use. A MySQL server upgrade also restarts the MySQL server.

Reconfigure

Some MySQL products, such as the MySQL server, include a Reconfigure option. It opens the same configuration options that were set when the MySQL product was installed, and is pre-populated with the current values.

To execute, click the Reconfigure link under the Quick Action column on the main dashboard for the MySQL product that you want to reconfigure.

Figure 2.29 MySQL Installer - Reconfigure a MySQL Product

In the case of the MySQL server, this opens the familiar configuration wizard.

Figure 2.30 MySQL Installer - Reconfiguration Wizard

Modify

Many MySQL products contain feature components that can be added or removed. For example, Debug binaries and Client Programs are subcomponents of the MySQL server.

The modify the features of a product, click Modify on the main dashboard.

Figure 2.31 MySQL Installer - Modify Product Features

Click Execute to execute the modification request.

C:\> cd "C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Installer"
C:\> MySQLInstallerConsole.exe help

C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Installer for Windows>MySQLInstallerConsole.exe help

The following commands are available:

Configure - Configures one or more of your installed programs.
Help      - Provides list of available commands.
Install   - Install and configure one or more available MySQL programs.
List      - Provides an interactive way to list all products available.
Modify    - Modifies the features of installed products.
Remove    - Removes one or more products from your system.
Status    - Shows the status of all installed products.
Update    - Update the current product catalog.
Upgrade   - Upgrades one or more of your installed programs.

The MySQL Notifier is a tool that enables you to monitor and adjust the status of your local and remote MySQL Server instances through an indicator that resides in the system tray. The MySQL Notifier also gives quick access to several MySQL GUI tools (such as MySQL Workbench) through its context menu.

The MySQL Notifier is installed by MySQL Installer, and (by default) will start-up when Microsoft Windows is started.

Features include:

The MySQL Notifier resides in the system tray and provides visual status information for your MySQL Server instances. A green icon is displayed at the top left corner of the tray icon if the current MySQL Server is running, or a red icon if the service is stopped.

The MySQL Notifier automatically adds discovered MySQL Services on the local machine, and each service is saved and configurable. By default, the Automatically add new services whose name contains option is enabled and set to mysql. Related Notifications Options include being notified when new services are either discovered or experience status changes, and are also enabled by default. And uninstalling a service will also remove the service from the MySQL Notifier.

Clicking the system tray icon will reveal several options, as seen in the screenshots below:

The Service Instance menu is the main MySQL Notifier window, and enables you to Stop, Start, and Restart the MySQL Server.

Figure 2.32 MySQL Notifier Service Instance menu

The Actions menu includes several links to external applications (if they are installed), and a Refresh Status option to manually refresh the status of all monitored services (in both local and remote computers) and MySQL instances.

Figure 2.33 MySQL Notifier Actions menu

The Actions, Options menu configures MySQL Notifier and includes options to:

Figure 2.34 MySQL Notifier Options menu

The Actions, Manage Monitored Items menu enables you to configure the monitored services and MySQL instances. First, with the Services tab open:

Figure 2.35 MySQL Notifier Manage Services menu

The Instances tab is similar:

Figure 2.36 MySQL Notifier Manage Instances menu

Adding a service or instance (after clicking Add in the Manage Monitored Items window) enables you to select a running Microsoft Windows service or instance connection, and configure MySQL Notifier to monitor it. Add a new service or instance by clicking service name from the list, then OK to accept. Multiple services and instances may be selected.

Figure 2.37 MySQL Notifier Adding new services

And instances:

Figure 2.38 MySQL Notifier Adding new instances

2.3.4.1 Remote monitoring set up and installation instructions

The MySQL Notifier uses Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) to manage and monitor services in remote computers running Windows XP or later. This guide explains how it works, and how to set up your system to monitor remote MySQL instances.

Note

Remote monitoring is available since MySQL Notifier 1.1.0.

In order to configure WMI, it is important to understand that the underlying Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) architecture is doing the WMI work. Specifically, MySQL Notifier is using asynchronous notification queries on remote Microsoft Windows hosts as .NET events. These events send an asynchronous callback to the computer running the MySQL Notifier so it knows when a service status has changed on the remote computer. Asynchronous notifications offer the best performance compared to semisynchronous notifications or synchronous notifications that use timers.

Asynchronous notifications requires the remote computer to send a callback to the client computer (thus opening a reverse connection), so the Windows Firewall and DCOM settings must be properly configured for the communication to function properly.

Figure 2.39 MySQL Notifier Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM)

Most of the common errors thrown by asynchronous WMI notifications are related to Windows Firewall blocking the communication, or to DCOM / WMI settings not being set up properly. For a list of common errors with solutions, see Common Errors.

The following steps are required to make WMI function. These steps are divided between two machines. A single host computer that runs MySQL Notifier (Computer A), and multiple remote machines that are being monitored (Computer B).

Computer running MySQL Notifier (Computer A)

1. Allow for remote administration by either editing the Group Policy Editor, or using NETSH:

   Using the Group Policy Editor:

   1. Click Start, click Run, type GPEDIT.MSC, and then click OK.

   2. Under the Local Computer Policy heading, double-click Computer Configuration.

   3. Double-click Administrative Templates, then Network, Network Connections, and then Windows Firewall.

   4. If the computer is in the domain, then double-click Domain Profile; otherwise, double-click Standard Profile.

   5. Click Windows Firewall: Allow inbound remote administration exception.

   6. On the Action menu either select Edit, or double-click the selection from the previous step.

   7. Check the Enabled radio button, and then click OK.

   Using the NETSH command:

   1. Open a command prompt window with Administrative rights (you can right-click the Command Prompt icon and click Run as Administrator).

   2. Execute the following command:

      NETSH firewall set service RemoteAdmin enable
      

2. Open the DCOM port TCP 135:

   1. Open a command prompt window with Administrative rights (you can right-click the Command Prompt icon and click Run as Administrator) .

   2. Execute the following command:

      NETSH firewall add portopening protocol=tcp port=135 name=DCOM_TCP135
      

3. Add the client application which contains the sink for the callback (MySqlNotifier.exe) to the Windows Firewall Exceptions List (use either the Windows Firewall configuration or NETSH):

   Using the Windows Firewall configuration:

   1. In the Control Panel, double-click Windows Firewall.

   2. In the Windows Firewall window's left panel, click Allow a program or feature through Windows Firewall.

   3. In the Allowed Programs window, click Change Settings.

   4. If MySqlNotifier.exe is in the Allowed programs and features list, make sure it is checked for the type of networks the computer connects to (Private, Public or both).

   5. If MySqlNotifier.exe is not in the list, click Allow another program....

   6. In the Add a Program window, select the MySqlNotifier.exe if it exists in the Programs list, otherwise click Browse... and go to the directory where MySqlNotifier.exe was installed to select it, then click Add.

   7. Make sure MySqlNotifier.exe is checked for the type of networks the computer connects to (Private, Public or both).

   Using the NETSH command:

   1. Open a command prompt window with Administrative rights (you can right-click the Command Prompt icon and click Run as Administrator).

   2. Execute the following command, where you change "[YOUR_INSTALL_DIRECTORY]":

      NETSH firewall add allowedprogram program=[YOUR_INSTALL_DIRECTORY]\MySqlNotifier.exe name=MySqlNotifier
      

4. If Computer B is either a member of WORKGROUP or is in a different domain that is untrusted by Computer A, then the callback connection (Connection 2) is created as an Anonymous connection. To grant Anonymous connections DCOM Remote Access permissions:

   1. Click Start, click Run, type DCOMCNFG, and then click OK.

   2. In the Component Services dialog box, expand Component Services, expand Computers, and then right-click My Computer and click Properties.

   3. In the My Computer Properties dialog box, click the COM Security tab.

   4. Under Access Permissions, click Edit Limits.

   5. In the Access Permission dialog box, select ANONYMOUS LOGON name in the Group or user names box. In the Allow column under Permissions for User, select Remote Access, and then click OK.

Monitored Remote Computer (Computer B)

If the user account that is logged into the computer running the MySQL Notifier (Computer A) is a local administrator on the remote computer (Computer B), such that the same account is an administrator on Computer B, you can skip to the "Allow for remote administration" step.

Setting DCOM security to allow a non-administrator user to access a computer remotely:

1. Grant "DCOM remote launch" and activation permissions for a user or group:

   1. Click Start, click Run, type DCOMCNFG, and then click OK.

   2. In the Component Services dialog box, expand Component Services, expand Computers, and then right-click My Computer and click Properties.

   3. In the My Computer Properties dialog box, click the COM Security tab.

   4. Under Access Permissions, click Edit Limits.

   5. In the Launch Permission dialog box, follow these steps if your name or your group does not appear in the Groups or user names list:

      1. In the Launch Permission dialog box, click Add.

      2. In the Select Users, Computers, or Groups dialog box, add your name and the group in the "Enter the object names to select" box, and then click OK.

   6. In the Launch Permission dialog box, select your user and group in the Group or user names box. In the Allow column under Permissions for User, select Remote Launch, select Remote Activation, and then click OK.

   Grant DCOM remote access permissions:

   1. Click Start, click Run, type DCOMCNFG, and then click OK.

   2. In the Component Services dialog box, expand Component Services, expand Computers, and then right-click My Computer and click Properties.

   3. In the My Computer Properties dialog box, click the COM Security tab.

   4. Under Access Permissions, click Edit Limits.

   5. In the Access Permission dialog box, select ANONYMOUS LOGON name in the Group or user names box. In the Allow column under Permissions for User, select Remote Access, and then click OK.

2. Allowing non-administrator users access to a specific WMI namespace:

   1. In the Control Panel, double-click Administrative Tools.

   2. In the Administrative Tools window, double-click Computer Management.

   3. In the Computer Management window, expand the Services and Applications tree and double-click the WMI Control.

   4. Right-click the WMI Control icon and select Properties.

   5. In the WMI Control Properties window, click the Security tab.

   6. In the Security tab, select the namespace and click Security.

   7. Locate the appropriate account and check Remote Enable in the Permissions list.

3. Allow for remote administration by either editing the Group Policy Editor or using NETSH:

   Using the Group Policy Editor:

   1. Click Start, click Run, type GPEDIT.MSC, and then click OK.

   2. Under the Local Computer Policy heading, double-click Computer Configuration.

   3. Double-click Administrative Templates, then Network, Network Connections, and then Windows Firewall.

   4. If the computer is in the domain, then double-click Domain Profile; otherwise, double-click Standard Profile.

   5. Click Windows Firewall: Allow inbound remote administration exception.

   6. On the Action menu either select Edit, or double-click the selection from the previous step.

   7. Check the Enabled radio button, and then click OK.

   Using the NETSH command:

   1. Open a command prompt window with Administrative rights (you can right-click the Command Prompt icon and click Run as Administrator).

   2. Execute the following command:

      NETSH firewall set service RemoteAdmin enable
      

4. Now, be sure the user you are logging in with uses the Name value and not the Full Name value:

   1. In the Control Panel, double-click Administrative Tools.

   2. In the Administrative Tools window, double-click Computer Management.

   3. In the Computer Management window, expand the System Tools then Local Users and Groups.

   4. Click the Users node, and on the right side panel locate your user and make sure it uses the Name value to connect, and not the Full Name value.

5. If the remote computer is running on Windows XP Professional, make sure that remote logins are not being forcefully changed to the guest account user (also known as ForceGuest), which is enabled by default on computers that are not attached to a domain.

   1. Click Start, click Run, type SECPOL.MSC, and then click OK.

   2. Under the Local Policies node, double-click Security Options.

   3. Select Network Access: Sharing and security model for local accounts and save.

Common Errors

• 0x80070005

  • DCOM Security was not configured properly (see Computer B, the Setting DCOM security... step).

  • The remote computer (Computer B) is a member of WORKGROUP or is in a domain that is untrusted by the client computer (Computer A) (see Computer A, the Grant Anonymous connections DCOM Remote Access permissions step).

• 0x8007000E

  • The remote computer (Computer B) is a member of WORKGROUP or is in a domain that is untrusted by the client computer (Computer A) (see Computer A, the Grant Anonymous connections DCOM Remote Access permissions step).

• 0x80041003

  • Access to the remote WMI namespace was not configured properly (see Computer B, the Allowing non-administrator users access to a specific WMI namespace step).

• 0x800706BA

  • The DCOM port is not open on the client computers (Computer A) firewall. See the Open the DCOM port TCP 135 step for Computer A.

  • The remote computer (Computer B) is inaccessible because its network location is set to Public. Make sure you can access it through the Windows Explorer.

Users who are installing from the noinstall package can use the instructions in this section to manually install MySQL. The process for installing MySQL from a Zip archive is as follows:

This process is described in the sections that follow.

C:\> echo %WINDIR%

[mysqld]
# set basedir to your installation path
basedir=E:/mysql
# set datadir to the location of your data directory
datadir=E:/mydata/data

[mysqld]
# set basedir to your installation path
basedir=E:\\mysql
# set datadir to the location of your data directory
datadir=E:\\mydata\\data

C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin\mysqld" --console

InnoDB: The first specified datafile c:\ibdata\ibdata1 did not exist:
InnoDB: a new database to be created!
InnoDB: Setting file c:\ibdata\ibdata1 size to 209715200
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
InnoDB: Log file c:\iblogs\ib_logfile0 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file c:\iblogs\ib_logfile0 size to 31457280
InnoDB: Log file c:\iblogs\ib_logfile1 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file c:\iblogs\ib_logfile1 size to 31457280
InnoDB: Log file c:\iblogs\ib_logfile2 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file c:\iblogs\ib_logfile2 size to 31457280
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
InnoDB: creating foreign key constraint system tables
InnoDB: foreign key constraint system tables created
011024 10:58:25  InnoDB: Started

mysqld: ready for connections
Version: '5.7.8'  socket: ''  port: 3306

C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin\mysqld"

C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin\mysqladmin" -u root shutdown

C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin\mysqladmin"
          -u root shutdown

C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin\mysqld" --install

C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin\mysqld"
          --install MySQL --defaults-file=C:\my-opts.cnf

C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin\mysqld" --install-manual

C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin\mysqld" --remove

C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin\mysqlshow"
C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin\mysqlshow" -u root mysql
C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin\mysqladmin" version status proc
C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin\mysql" test

When installing and running MySQL for the first time, you may encounter certain errors that prevent the MySQL server from starting. This section helps you diagnose and correct some of these errors.

Your first resource when troubleshooting server issues is the error log. The MySQL server uses the error log to record information relevant to the error that prevents the server from starting. The error log is located in the data directory specified in your my.ini file. The default data directory location is C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\data, or C:\ProgramData\Mysql on Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008. The C:\ProgramData directory is hidden by default. You need to change your folder options to see the directory and contents. For more information on the error log and understanding the content, see Section 5.2.2, “The Error Log”.

For information regarding possible errors, also consult the console messages displayed when the MySQL service is starting. Use the NET START MySQL command from the command line after installing mysqld as a service to see any error messages regarding the starting of the MySQL server as a service. See Section 2.3.5.7, “Starting MySQL as a Windows Service”.

The following examples show other common error messages you might encounter when installing MySQL and starting the server for the first time:

GUI tools exist that perform most of the tasks described in this section, including:

If necessary, initialize the data directory and create the MySQL grant tables. Windows distributions prior to MySQL 5.7.7 include a data directory with a set of preinitialized accounts in the mysql database. As of 5.7.7, Windows installation operations performed by MySQL Installer initialize the data directory automatically. For installation from a Zip package, you can initialize the data directory as described at Section 2.9.1.1, “Initializing the Data Directory Using mysqld”.

Regarding passwords, if you installed MySQL using the MySQL Installer, you may have already assigned passwords to the accounts. (See Section 2.3.3, “Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using MySQL Installer”.) Otherwise, use the password-assignment procedure given in Section 2.9.4, “Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts”.

Before assigning passwords, you might want to try running some client programs to make sure that you can connect to the server and that it is operating properly. Make sure that the server is running (see Section 2.3.5.4, “Starting the Server for the First Time”). You can also set up a MySQL service that runs automatically when Windows starts (see Section 2.3.5.7, “Starting MySQL as a Windows Service”).

These instructions assume that your current location is the MySQL installation directory and that it has a bin subdirectory containing the MySQL programs used here. If that is not true, adjust the command path names accordingly.

If you installed MySQL using MySQL Installer (see Section 2.3.3, “Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using MySQL Installer”), the default installation directory is C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7:

C:\> cd "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7"

A common installation location for installation from a Zip package is C:\mysql:

C:\> cd C:\mysql

Alternatively, add the bin directory to your PATH environment variable setting. That enables your command interpreter to find MySQL programs properly, so that you can run a program by typing only its name, not its path name. See Section 2.3.5.6, “Customizing the PATH for MySQL Tools”.

With the server running, issue the following commands to verify that you can retrieve information from the server. The output should be similar to that shown here.

Use mysqlshow to see what databases exist:

C:\> bin\mysqlshow
+--------------------+
|     Databases      |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
+--------------------+

The list of installed databases may vary, but will always include the minimum of mysql and information_schema. Before MySQL 5.7.7, a test database may also be created automatically.

The preceding command (and commands for other MySQL programs such as mysql) may not work if the correct MySQL account does not exist. For example, the program may fail with an error, or you may not be able to view all databases. If you installed MySQL using MySQL Installer, the root user will have been created automatically with the password you supplied. In this case, you should use the -u root and -p options. (You must use those options if you have already secured the initial MySQL accounts.) With -p, the client program prompts for the root password. For example:

C:\> bin\mysqlshow -u root -p
Enter password: (enter root password here)
+--------------------+
|     Databases      |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
+--------------------+

If you specify a database name, mysqlshow displays a list of the tables within the database:

C:\> bin\mysqlshow mysql
Database: mysql
+---------------------------+
|          Tables           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| event                     |
| func                      |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| plugin                    |
| proc                      |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| servers                   |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+

Use the mysql program to select information from a table in the mysql database:

C:\> bin\mysql -e "SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user" mysql
+------+-----------+
| User | Host      |
+------+-----------+
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+

For more information about mysqlshow and mysql, see Section 4.5.6, “mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information”, and Section 4.5.1, “mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Tool”.

To upgrade MySQL on Windows, follow these steps:

You should keep the following issues and notes in mind:

The package is located inside a disk image (.dmg) file that you first need to mount by double-clicking its icon in the Finder. It should then mount the image and display its contents.

When installing from the package version, you can also install the MySQL Preference Pane, which will enable you to control the startup and execution of your MySQL server from System Preferences. For more information, see Section 2.4.5, “Installing and Using the MySQL Preference Pane”.

When installing using the package installer, the files are installed into a directory within /usr/local matching the name of the installation version and platform. For example, the installer file mysql-5.7-osx10.8-x86_64.dmg installs MySQL into /usr/local/mysql-5.7-osx10.8-x86_64/ . The following table shows the layout of the installation directory.

During the package installer process, a symbolic link from /usr/local/mysql to the version/platform specific directory created during installation will be created automatically.

For convenience, you may also want to install a launch daemon and preference pane. See Section 2.4.3, “Installing a MySQL Launch Daemon”, and Section 2.4.5, “Installing and Using the MySQL Preference Pane”.

OS X uses launch daemons to automatically start, stop, and manage processes and applications such as MySQL. Using launch daemons is recommended over startup items on OS X.

Here is an example launchd file that starts MySQL:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" 
"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
  <dict>
    <key>KeepAlive</key>
    <true/>
    <key>Label</key>
    <string>com.mysql.mysqld</string>
    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
    <array>
    <string>/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe</string>
    <string>--user=mysql</string>
    </array>
  </dict>
</plist>

   

Adjust the ProgramArguments array according to your system, as for example your path to mysqld_safe might be different. After making the proper adjustments, do the following:

The MySQL daemon is now running, and automatically starts when your system is rebooted.

The MySQL Installation Package includes a startup item that can be used to automatically start and stop MySQL.

To install the MySQL Startup Item:

The Startup Item for MySQL is installed into /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM. The Startup Item installation adds a variable MYSQLCOM=-YES- to the system configuration file /etc/hostconfig. If you want to disable the automatic startup of MySQL, change this variable to MYSQLCOM=-NO-.

After the installation, you can start and stop the MySQL server from the MySQL Preference Pane (preferred), or by running the following commands in a terminal window. You must have administrator privileges to perform these tasks, and you may be prompted for your password.

If you have installed the Startup Item, use this command to start the server:

shell> sudo /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM/MySQLCOM start

If you have installed the Startup Item, use this command to stop the server:

shell> sudo /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM/MySQLCOM stop

The MySQL Installation Package includes a MySQL preference Pane that enables you to start, stop, and control automated startup during boot of your MySQL installation.

To install the MySQL Preference Pane:

Once the MySQL Preference Pane has been installed, you can control your MySQL server instance using the preference pane. To use the preference pane, open the System Preferences... from the Apple menu. Select the MySQL preference pane by clicking the MySQL logo within the bottom section of the preference panes list.

Figure 2.50 MySQL Preference Pane: Location

The MySQL Preference Pane shows the current status of the MySQL server, showing stopped (in red) if the server is not running and running (in green) if the server has already been started. The preference pane also shows the current setting for whether the MySQL server has been set to start automatically.

You can close the System Preferences... window once you have completed your settings.

MySQL provides a Yum-style software repository for the following Linux platforms:

Currently, the MySQL Yum repository for the above-mentioned platforms provides RPM packages for installing the MySQL server, client, MySQL Workbench, MySQL Utilities (not available for EL5-based platforms), Connector/ODBC, and Connector/Python (not available for EL5-based platforms).

Before You Start

As a popular, open-source software, MySQL, in its original or re-packaged form, is widely installed on many systems from various sources, including different software download sites, software repositories, and so on. The following instructions assume that no versions of MySQL (whether distributed by Oracle or other parties) have already been installed on your system; if that is not the case, see Section 2.10.1.1, “Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL Yum Repository” or Section 2.5.2, “Replacing a Third-Party Distribution of MySQL Using the MySQL Yum Repository”.

Steps for a Fresh Installation of MySQL

Follow the steps below to install the latest GA version of MySQL with the MySQL Yum repository:

For more information on the postinstallation procedures, see Section 2.9, “Postinstallation Setup and Testing”.

Installing Additional MySQL Products and Components with Yum

You can use Yum to install and manage individual components of MySQL. Some of these components are hosted in sub-repositories of the MySQL Yum repository: for example, the MySQL Connectors are to be found in the MySQL Connectors Community sub-repository, and the MySQL Workbench in MySQL Tools Community. You can use the following command to list the packages for all the MySQL components available for your platform from the MySQL Yum repository:

shell> sudo yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo='mysql*-community*' list available

Install any packages of your choice with the following command, replacing package-name with name of the package:

shell> sudo yum install package-name 

For example, to install MySQL Workbench:

shell> sudo yum install mysql-workbench-community

To install the shared client libraries:

shell> sudo yum install mysql-community-libs

Updating MySQL with Yum

Besides installation, you can also perform updates for MySQL products and components using the MySQL Yum repository. See Section 2.10.1.1, “Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL Yum Repository” for details.

For supported Yum-based platforms (see Section 2.5.1, “Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL Yum Repository”, for a list), you can replace a third-party distribution of MySQL with the latest GA release from MySQL using the MySQL Yum repository. According to how your third-party distribution of MySQL was installed, there are different steps to follow:

Replacing a Native Third-Party Distribution of MySQL

If you have installed a third-party distribution of MySQL from a native software repository (that is, a software repository provided by your own Linux distribution), follow these steps:

After updating MySQL using the Yum repository, applications compiled with older versions of the shared client libraries should continue to work. However, if you want to recompile applications and dynamically link them with the updated libraries, see Upgrading to the Shared Client Libraries, for some special considerations.

Replacing a Nonnative Third-Party Distribution of MySQL

If you have installed a third-party distribution of MySQL from a nonnative software repository (that is, a software repository not provided by your own Linux distribution), follow these steps:

The MySQL APT repository provides deb packages for installing and managing the MySQL server, client, and other components on the following Linux platforms: :

Instructions for using the MySQL APT Repository are available in A Quick Guide to Using the MySQL APT Repository.

The MySQL SLES repository provides RPM packages for installing and managing the MySQL server, client, and other components on SUSE Enterprise Linux Server.

Instructions for using the MySQL SLES repository are available in A Quick Guide to Using the MySQL SLES Repository.

The recommended way to install MySQL on RPM-based Linux distributions that use glibc is by using the RPM packages provided by MySQL. There are two sources for obtaining the Community versions of the RPM packages:

The discussions in this section only apply to the RPM packages directly downloaded from the MySQL Developer Zone. Installations created with these packages result in files under the system directories shown in the following table.

In most cases, you need to install only the MySQL-server and MySQL-client packages to get a functional MySQL installation. The other packages are not required for a standard installation.

As of MySQL 5.7.4, MySQL deployments installed using RPM packages are secure by default and have these characteristics:

As a result of these actions, it is necessary after installation to start the server, connect as root using the password written to the .mysql_secret file, and select a new root password. Until this is done, root cannot do anything else. To change the password, you can use the SET PASSWORD statement (for example, with the mysql or mysqladmin client). After resetting the password, remove the .mysql_secret file; otherwise, if you run mysql_secure_installation, that command may see the file and expire the root password again as part of ensuring secure deployment.

Before MySQL 5.7.4, new RPM install operations produce similar deployment characteristics, except that multiple root accounts may be created, and the test database is created.

For upgrades, if your installation was originally produced by installing multiple RPM packages, it is best to upgrade all the packages, not just some. For example, if you previously installed the server and client RPMs, do not upgrade just the server RPM.

If the data directory exists at RPM installation time, the installation process does not modify existing data. This has the effect, for example, that accounts in the grant tables are not initialized to the default set of accounts.

If you get a dependency failure when trying to install MySQL packages (for example, error: removing these packages would break dependencies: libmysqlclient.so.10 is needed by ...), you should also install the MySQL-shared-compat package, which includes the shared libraries for older releases for backward compatibility.

The RPM packages shown in the following list are available. The names shown here use a suffix of .linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm, but particular packages can have different suffixes, described later. If you plan to install multiple RPM packages, you may wish to download the RPM Bundle tar file instead, which contains multiple RPM packages to that you need not download them separately.

The suffix of RPM package names (following the VERSION value) has the following syntax:

.PLATFORM.CPU.rpm

The PLATFORM and CPU values indicate the type of system for which the package is built. PLATFORM indicates the platform and CPU indicates the processor type or family.

All packages are dynamically linked against glibc 2.5. The PLATFORM value indicates whether the package is platform independent or intended for a specific platform, as shown in the following table.

In MySQL 5.7, only linux_glibc2.5 packages are available currently.

The CPU value indicates the processor type or family for which the package is built.

To see all files in an RPM package (for example, a MySQL-server RPM), run a command like this:

shell> rpm -qpl MySQL-server-VERSION.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm

To perform a standard minimal installation, install the server and client RPMs:

shell> rpm -i MySQL-server-VERSION.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm
shell> rpm -i MySQL-client-VERSION.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm

To install only the client programs, install just the client RPM:

shell> rpm -i MySQL-client-VERSION.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm

RPM provides a feature to verify the integrity and authenticity of packages before installing them. To learn more about this feature, see Section 2.1.3, “Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPG”.

The server RPM places data under the /var/lib/mysql directory. The RPM also creates a login account for a user named mysql (if one does not exist) to use for running the MySQL server, and creates the appropriate entries in /etc/init.d/ to start the server automatically at boot time. (This means that if you have performed a previous installation and have made changes to its startup script, you may want to make a copy of the script so that you do not lose it when you install a newer RPM.) See Section 2.9.5, “Starting and Stopping MySQL Automatically”, for more information on how MySQL can be started automatically on system startup.

In MySQL 5.7, during a new installation, the server boot scripts are installed, but the MySQL server is not started at the end of the installation, since the status of the server during an unattended installation is not known.

In MySQL 5.7, during an upgrade installation using the RPM packages, if the MySQL server is running when the upgrade occurs, the MySQL server is stopped, the upgrade occurs, and the MySQL server is restarted. If the MySQL server is not already running when the RPM upgrade occurs, the MySQL server is not started at the end of the installation.

If something goes wrong, you can find more information in the binary installation section. See Section 2.2, “Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries”.

During RPM installation, a user named mysql and a group named mysql are created on the system. This is done using the useradd, groupadd, and usermod commands. Those commands require appropriate administrative privileges, which is required for locally managed users and groups (as listed in the /etc/passwd and /etc/group files) by the RPM installation process being run by root.

If you log in as the mysql user, you may find that MySQL displays “Invalid (old?) table or database name” errors that mention .mysqlgui, lost+found, .mysqlgui, .bash_history, .fonts.cache-1, .lesshst, .mysql_history, .profile, .viminfo, and similar files created by MySQL or operating system utilities. You can safely ignore these error messages or remove the files or directories that cause them if you do not need them.

For nonlocal user management (LDAP, NIS, and so forth), the administrative tools may require additional authentication (such as a password), and will fail if the installing user does not provide this authentication. Even if they fail, the RPM installation will not abort but succeed, and this is intentional. If they failed, some of the intended transfer of ownership may be missing, and it is recommended that the system administrator then manually ensures some appropriate user and group exists and manually transfers ownership following the actions in the RPM spec file.

In MySQL 5.7.2, the RPM spec file has been updated, which has the following consequences:

Additional details follow.

For a non-upgrade installation of MySQL 5.7.2 or later, it is possible to install using yum:

shell> yum install MySQL-server-NEWVERSION.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm

For upgrades to MySQL 5.7.2 or later, the upgrade is performed by removing the old installation and installing the new one. To do this, use the following procedure:

Alternatively, the removal and installation can be done using yum:

shell> yum remove MySQL-server-OLDVERSION.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm
shell> yum install MySQL-server-NEWVERSION.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm

Oracle provides Debian packages for installing MySQL on Debian or Debian-like Linux systems. The packages are available through two different channels:

Many Linux distributions include a version of the MySQL server, client tools, and development components in their native software repositories and can be installed with the platforms' standard package management systems. This section provides basic instructions for installing MySQL using those package management systems.

Distribution specific instructions are shown below:

As of MySQL 5.7.6, systemd can be used to manage server startup and shutdown if you install MySQL using an RPM distribution for these Linux platforms:

You also obtain systemd support by installing from a source distribution that is configured with the -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 CMake option.

systemd provides automatic server startup and shutdown. To manage the server manually, use the systemctl command. For example:

systemctl {start|stop|restart|status} mysqld

It is also possible to use the service command (with the arguments reversed), which is compatible with System V systems:

service mysqld {start|stop|restart|status}

For the systemctl or service commands, if the MySQL service name is not mysqld, use the appropriate name (for example, mysql on SLES systems).

SLES systems support rcmysql:

rcmysql {start|stop|restart|status}

Support for systemd includes these files:

When systemd support is installed, scripts such as mysqld_safe and the System V initialization script are not installed. (mysqld_safe is used to handle server restarts, for example, but is unneeded for that purpose when systemd manages the server.)

Because mysqld_safe is not installed when systemd is used, options previously specified in [mysqld_safe] option groups must be specified another way:

If you edit /etc/sysconfig/mysql, create it if necessary. Alternatively, use the systemctl command to set or unset values. For example:

systemctl set-environment MYSQLD_OPTS="--general_log=1"
systemctl unset-environment MYSQLD_OPTS

After modifying /etc/sysconfig/mysql or the systemd environment, restart the server to make the changes take effect.

You can install MySQL on Solaris and OpenSolaris using a binary package using the native Solaris PKG format instead of the binary tarball distribution.

To use this package, download the corresponding mysql-VERSION-solaris10-PLATFORM.pkg.gz file, then uncompress it. For example:

shell> gunzip mysql-5.7.8-solaris10-x86_64.pkg.gz

To install a new package, use pkgadd and follow the onscreen prompts. You must have root privileges to perform this operation:

shell> pkgadd -d mysql-5.7.8-solaris10-x86_64.pkg

The following packages are available:
  1  mysql     MySQL Community Server (GPL)
               (i86pc) 5.7.8

Select package(s) you wish to process (or 'all' to process
all packages). (default: all) [?,??,q]: 

The PKG installer installs all of the files and tools needed, and then initializes your database if one does not exist. To complete the installation, you should set the root password for MySQL as provided in the instructions at the end of the installation. Alternatively, you can run the mysql_secure_installation script that comes with the installation.

By default, the PKG package installs MySQL under the root path /opt/mysql. You can change only the installation root path when using pkgadd, which can be used to install MySQL in a different Solaris zone. If you need to install in a specific directory, use a binary tar file distribution.

The pkg installer copies a suitable startup script for MySQL into /etc/init.d/mysql. To enable MySQL to startup and shutdown automatically, you should create a link between this file and the init script directories. For example, to ensure safe startup and shutdown of MySQL you could use the following commands to add the right links:

shell> ln /etc/init.d/mysql /etc/rc3.d/S91mysql
shell> ln /etc/init.d/mysql /etc/rc0.d/K02mysql

To remove MySQL, the installed package name is mysql. You can use this in combination with the pkgrm command to remove the installation.

To upgrade when using the Solaris package file format, you must remove the existing installation before installing the updated package. Removal of the package does not delete the existing database information, only the server, binaries and support files. The typical upgrade sequence is therefore:

shell> mysqladmin shutdown
shell> pkgrm mysql
shell> pkgadd -d mysql-5.7.8-solaris10-x86_64.pkg
shell> mysqld_safe &
shell> mysql_upgrade

You should check the notes in Section 2.10, “Upgrading or Downgrading MySQL” before performing any upgrade.

OpenSolaris includes standard packages for MySQL in the core repository. The MySQL packages are based on a specific release of MySQL and updated periodically. For the latest release you must use either the native Solaris PKG, tar, or source installations. The native OpenSolaris packages include SMF files so that you can easily control your MySQL installation, including automatic startup and recovery, using the native service management tools.

To install MySQL on OpenSolaris, use the pkg command. You will need to be logged in as root, or use the pfexec tool, as shown in the example below:

shell> pfexec pkg install SUNWmysql57

The package set installs three individual packages, SUNWmysql57lib, which contains the MySQL client libraries; SUNWmysql57r which contains the root components, including SMF and configuration files; and SUNWmysql57u which contains the scripts, binary tools and other files. You can install these packages individually if you only need the corresponding components.

The MySQL files are installed into /usr/mysql which symbolic links for the sub directories (bin, lib, etc.) to a version specific directory. For MySQL 5.7, the full installation is located in /usr/mysql/5.7. The default data directory is /var/mysql/5.7/data. The configuration file is installed in /etc/mysql/5.7/my.cnf. This layout permits multiple versions of MySQL to be installed, without overwriting the data and binaries from other versions.

Once installed, you must run mysql_install_db to initialize the database, and use the mysql_secure_installation to secure your installation.

Using SMF to manage your MySQL installation

Once installed, you can start and stop your MySQL server using the installed SMF configuration. The service name is mysql, or if you have multiple versions installed, you should use the full version name, for example mysql:version_57. To start and enable MySQL to be started at boot time:

shell> svcadm enable mysql

To disable MySQL from starting during boot time, and shut the MySQL server down if it is running, use:

shell> svcadm disable mysql

To restart MySQL, for example after a configuration file changes, use the restart option:

shell> svcadm restart mysql

You can also use SMF to configure the data directory and enable full 64-bit mode. For example, to set the data directory used by MySQL:

shell> svccfg 
svc:> select mysql:version_57 
svc:/application/database/mysql:version_57> setprop mysql/data=/data0/mysql
  

By default, the 32-bit binaries are used. To enable the 64-bit server on 64-bit platforms, set the enable_64bit parameter. For example:

svc:/application/database/mysql:version_57> setprop mysql/enable_64bit=1 

You need to refresh the SMF after settings these options:

shell> svcadm refresh mysql

By default, when you install MySQL after compiling it from source, the installation step installs files under /usr/local/mysql. The component locations under the installation directory are the same as for binary distributions. See Table 2.3, “MySQL Installation Layout for Generic Unix/Linux Binary Package”, and Section 2.3.1, “MySQL Installation Layout on Microsoft Windows”. To configure installation locations different from the defaults, use the options described at Section 2.8.4, “MySQL Source-Configuration Options”.

To install MySQL from a standard source distribution:

In MySQL 5.7, CMake is used as the build framework on all platforms. The instructions given here should enable you to produce a working installation. For additional information on using CMake to build MySQL, see How to Build MySQL Server with CMake.

If you start from a source RPM, use the following command to make a binary RPM that you can install. If you do not have rpmbuild, use rpm instead.

shell> rpmbuild --rebuild --clean MySQL-VERSION.src.rpm

The result is one or more binary RPM packages that you install as indicated in Section 2.5.5, “Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages”.

The sequence for installation from a compressed tar file or Zip archive source distribution is similar to the process for installing from a generic binary distribution (see Section 2.2, “Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries”), except that it is used on all platforms and includes steps to configure and compile the distribution. For example, with a compressed tar file source distribution on Unix, the basic installation command sequence looks like this:

# Preconfiguration setup
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
# Beginning of source-build specific instructions
shell> tar zxvf mysql-VERSION.tar.gz
shell> cd mysql-VERSION
shell> cmake .
shell> make
shell> make install
# End of source-build specific instructions
# Postinstallation setup
shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> bin/mysql_install_db --datadir=path/to/datadir --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

mysql_install_db creates a default option file named my.cnf in the base installation directory. This file is created from a template included in the distribution package named my-default.cnf. For more information, see Using a Sample Default Server Configuration File.

A more detailed version of the source-build specific instructions is shown following.

Perform Preconfiguration Setup

On Unix, set up the mysql user and group that will be used to run and execute the MySQL server and own the database directory. For details, see Creating a mysql System User and Group, in Section 2.2, “Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries”. Then perform the following steps as the mysql user, except as noted.

Obtain and Unpack the Distribution

Pick the directory under which you want to unpack the distribution and change location into it.

Obtain a distribution file using the instructions in Section 2.1.2, “How to Get MySQL”.

Unpack the distribution into the current directory:

Unpacking the distribution file creates a directory named mysql-VERSION.

Configure the Distribution

Change location into the top-level directory of the unpacked distribution:

shell> cd mysql-VERSION

Configure the source directory. The minimum configuration command includes no options to override configuration defaults:

shell> cmake .

On Windows, specify the development environment. For example, the following commands configure MySQL for 32-bit or 64-bit builds, respectively:

shell> cmake . -G "Visual Studio 10 2010"
shell> cmake . -G "Visual Studio 10 2010 Win64"

On OS X, to use the Xcode IDE:

shell> cmake . -G Xcode

When you run cmake, you might want to add options to the command line. Here are some examples:

For a more extensive list of options, see Section 2.8.4, “MySQL Source-Configuration Options”.

To list the configuration options, use one of the following commands:

shell> cmake . -L   # overview
shell> cmake . -LH  # overview with help text
shell> cmake . -LAH # all params with help text
shell> ccmake .     # interactive display

If CMake fails, you might need to reconfigure by running it again with different options. If you do reconfigure, take note of the following:

To prevent old object files or configuration information from being used, run these commands on Unix before re-running CMake:

shell> make clean
shell> rm CMakeCache.txt

Or, on Windows:

shell> devenv MySQL.sln /clean
shell> del CMakeCache.txt

If you build out of the source tree (as described later), the CMakeCache.txt file and all built files are in the build directory, so you can remove that directory to object files and cached configuration information.

If you are going to send mail to a MySQL mailing list to ask for configuration assistance, first check the files in the CMakeFiles directory for useful information about the failure. To file a bug report, please use the instructions in Section 1.7, “How to Report Bugs or Problems”.

Build the Distribution

On Unix:

shell> make
shell> make VERBOSE=1

The second command sets VERBOSE to show the commands for each compiled source.

Use gmake instead on systems where you are using GNU make and it has been installed as gmake.

On Windows:

shell> devenv MySQL.sln /build RelWithDebInfo

It is possible to build out of the source tree to keep the tree clean. If the top-level source directory is named mysql-src under your current working directory, you can build in a directory named bld at the same level like this:

shell> mkdir bld
shell> cd bld
shell> cmake ../mysql-src

The build directory need not actually be outside the source tree. For example, to build in a directory, you can build in a directory named bld under the top-level source tree, do this, starting with mysql-src as your current working directory:

shell> mkdir bld
shell> cd bld
shell> cmake ..

If you have multiple source trees at the same level (for example, to build multiple versions of MySQL), the second strategy can be advantageous. The first strategy places all build directories at the same level, which requires that you choose a unique name for each. With the second strategy, you can use the same name for the build directory within each source tree.

If you have gotten to the compilation stage, but the distribution does not build, see Section 2.8.5, “Dealing with Problems Compiling MySQL”, for help. If that does not solve the problem, please enter it into our bugs database using the instructions given in Section 1.7, “How to Report Bugs or Problems”. If you have installed the latest versions of the required tools, and they crash trying to process our configuration files, please report that also. However, if you get a command not found error or a similar problem for required tools, do not report it. Instead, make sure that all the required tools are installed and that your PATH variable is set correctly so that your shell can find them.

Install the Distribution

On Unix:

shell> make install

This installs the files under the configured installation directory (by default, /usr/local/mysql). You might need to run the command as root.

To install in a specific directory, add a DESTDIR parameter to the command line:

shell> make install DESTDIR="/opt/mysql"

Alternatively, generate installation package files that you can install where you like:

shell> make package

This operation produces one or more .tar.gz files that can be installed like generic binary distribution packages. See Section 2.2, “Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries”. If you run CMake with -DCPACK_MONOLITHIC_INSTALL=1, the operation produces a single file. Otherwise, it produces multiple files.

On Windows, generate the data directory, then create a .zip archive installation package:

shell> devenv MySQL.sln /build RelWithDebInfo /project initial_database
shell> devenv MySQL.sln /build RelWithDebInfo /project package

You can install the resulting .zip archive where you like. See Section 2.3.5, “Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using a noinstall Zip Archive”.

Perform Postinstallation Setup

The remainder of the installation process involves setting up the configuration file, creating the core databases, and starting the MySQL server. For instructions, see Section 2.9, “Postinstallation Setup and Testing”.

This section describes how to install MySQL from the latest development source code, which is currently hosted on both GitHub and Launchpad. To obtain the MySQL Server source code from one of these repository hosting services, you can set up a local MySQL Git repository or a local MySQL Bazaar branch.

Prerequisites for Installing from Development Source

To install MySQL from a development source tree, your system must satisfy the tool requirements outlined in Section 2.8, “Installing MySQL from Source”.

The CMake program provides a great deal of control over how you configure a MySQL source distribution. Typically, you do this using options on the CMake command line. For information about options supported by CMake, run either of these commands in the top-level source directory:

shell> cmake . -LH
shell> ccmake .

You can also affect CMake using certain environment variables. See Section 2.11, “Environment Variables”.

The following table shows the available CMake options. In the Default column, PREFIX stands for the value of the CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX option, which specifies the installation base directory. This value is used as the parent location for several of the installation subdirectories.

The following sections provide more information about CMake options.

For boolean options, the value may be specified as 1 or ON to enable the option, or as 0 or OFF to disable the option.

Many options configure compile-time defaults that can be overridden at server startup. For example, the CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX, MYSQL_TCP_PORT, and MYSQL_UNIX_ADDR options that configure the default installation base directory location, TCP/IP port number, and Unix socket file can be changed at server startup with the --basedir, --port, and --socket options for mysqld. Where applicable, configuration option descriptions indicate the corresponding mysqld startup option.

General Options

Installation Layout Options

The CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX option indicates the base installation directory. Other options with names of the form INSTALL_xxx that indicate component locations are interpreted relative to the prefix and their values are relative pathnames. Their values should not include the prefix.

Storage Engine Options

Storage engines are built as plugins. You can build a plugin as a static module (compiled into the server) or a dynamic module (built as a dynamic library that must be installed into the server using the INSTALL PLUGIN statement or the --plugin-load option before it can be used). Some plugins might not support static or dynamic building.

The MyISAM, MERGE, MEMORY, and CSV engines are mandatory (always compiled into the server) and need not be installed explicitly.

To compile a storage engine statically into the server, use -DWITH_engine_STORAGE_ENGINE=1. Some permissible engine values are ARCHIVE, BLACKHOLE, EXAMPLE, FEDERATED, INNOBASE (InnoDB), PARTITION (partitioning support), and PERFSCHEMA (Performance Schema). Examples:

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

As of MySQL 5.7.4, to exclude a storage engine from the build, use -DWITH_engine_STORAGE_ENGINE=0. Examples:

-DWITH_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=0
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=0
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=0

Before MySQL 5.7.4, to exclude a storage engine from the build, use -DWITHOUT_engine_STORAGE_ENGINE=1. (That syntax also works in 5.7.4 or later, but -DWITH_engine_STORAGE_ENGINE=0 is preferred.) Examples:

-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITHOUT_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

If neither -DWITH_engine_STORAGE_ENGINE nor -DWITHOUT_engine_STORAGE_ENGINE are specified for a given storage engine, the engine is built as a shared module, or excluded if it cannot be built as a shared module.

Feature Options